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Klerksdorp sphere
Klerksdorp spheres are small objects, often spherical to disc-shaped, that have been collected by miners and rockhounds from 3-billion-year-old pyrophyllite deposits mined by Wonderstone Ltd., near Ottosdal, South Africa. They have been cited by some alternative researchers and reporters in books,〔Cremo, M., and R.L. Thompson, 1993, ''Forbidden Archeology: The Hidden History of the Human Race'': Torchlight Publishing. ISBN 0-89213-294-9〕〔Cremo, M., and R.L. Thompson, 1999, ''The Hidden History of the Human Race'': Torchlight Publishing. ISBN 0-89213-325-2〕 popular articles,〔Barritt, D., 1982, ''The Riddle of the cosmic cannon-balls'': Scope Magazine. (June 11, 1982)〕〔Jochmans, J. R., 1995, ''Top ten out-of-place artifacts'': Atlantis Rising. no. 5, pp. 34-35, 52, and 54. (Fall 1995)〕 and many web pages,〔Barton, J., nd, (''The Grooved Spheres'' ): Mysteries of the World web site〕〔"Psybertronist", nd, (''A balanced and concentric ringed mystery spheroid as purportedly anomalous "out-of-place artifacts"'' )〕 as inexplicable out-of-place artifacts that could only have been manufactured by intelligent beings. Geologists who have studied these objects have concluded that the objects are not manufactured, but are rather the result of natural processes.〔Cairncross, B., 1988, ''"Cosmic cannonballs" a rational explanation'': The South African Lapidary Magazine. v. 30, no. 1, pp. 4-6.〕〔Heinrich, P.V., 1997, ''Mystery spheres'': National Center for Science Education Reports. v. 17, no.1, p. 34. (January/February 1997)〕〔Heinrich, P.V., 2007, ''South African concretions of controversy'': South African Lapidary Magazine. vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 7-11.〕〔Heinrich, P.V., 2008, ''The Mysterious "Spheres" of Ottosdal, South Africa.'' National Center for Science Education Reports, v. 28, no. 1, pp. 28-33.〕
==Description==
The Klerksdorp spheres typically range in diameter from 0.5 to 10 cm. As illustrated by Heinrich,〔〔 they vary widely in shape from either approximate or flattened spheres to well-defined discs and often are intergrown. Petrographic and X-ray diffraction analyses of specimens of these objects found that they consist either of hematite (Fe2O3) or wollastonite (CaSiO3) mixed with minor amounts of hematite and goethite (FeOOH). Observations by Cairncross〔 and Nel and others〔Nel, LT., H. Jacobs, J.T. Allen and G.R. Bozzoli 1937. ''Wonderstone''. Geological Survey of South Africa Bulletin no. 8.〕 indicated that many of the Klerksdorp spheres found in unaltered pyrophyllite consist of pyrite (FeS2). The color of the specimens studied by Heinrich〔〔 ranged from dark reddish brown, red, to dusky red. The color of those objects composed of pyrite is not known. All of the specimens of these objects, which were cut open by Heinrich,〔〔 exhibited an extremely well defined radial structure terminating on either the center or centers of a Klerksdorp sphere. Some of these objects exhibit well-defined and parallel latitudinal grooves or ridges. Even specimens consisting of intergrown flattened spheres exhibit such grooves.〔〔
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